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Plain-English guide · for small nonprofits

How much D&O insurance does a nonprofit need?

Updated August 2026

There is no formula, but there is a method. Here is how to arrive at a number you can defend to your board.

The short version

Most small nonprofits land on $1 million of D&O coverage, and most arrive there by asking their broker what everyone else buys. That is not a terrible answer, but the better one comes from three inputs: your annual budget, whether you have employees, and who you have to satisfy.

What D&O actually covers, and what it does not

Directors and officers liability covers claims arising from management decisions: the choices your board and leadership made, or failed to make. Wrongful termination, discrimination and harassment claims, breach of fiduciary duty, misrepresentation to funders, failure to supervise, mismanagement of restricted funds.

It does not cover bodily injury or property damage, which is general liability. It does not cover employee theft, which is a fidelity or crime bond. It does not cover professional errors in a service you deliver, which is professional liability. People discover these boundaries at the worst possible moment, so it is worth mapping them before you need to.

One important note for nonprofits specifically: the most common D&O claims against small organizations are employment-related. If your policy excludes employment practices liability, or sublimits it severely, the headline limit is misleading. Ask about this first.

Three inputs that set the number

  1. Your annual budget

    The rough convention among brokers is at least one times annual revenue in coverage, with $1 million as a practical floor regardless of size. An organization with a $300,000 budget rarely buys less than $1 million, because the cost difference between $500,000 and $1 million is usually small.

  2. Whether you have employees

    This is the single biggest driver, because employment claims dominate. A volunteer-run organization and a fifteen-person organization with the same budget are not the same risk. If you have staff, employment practices coverage matters more than the headline limit.

  3. Who you have to satisfy

    Funders, landlords, government contracts and some state registrations impose minimums. Collect these before you shop, because a contract requiring $2 million settles the question.

A rough starting frame

OrganizationCommon starting point
All-volunteer, under $250k budget$1M, with attention to whether volunteers are named insureds
Small staff, $250k–$1M budget$1M, with employment practices liability confirmed rather than assumed
$1M–$5M budget, more than ~10 staff$2M, often with a separate EPLI limit
Government or federal grant fundedCheck the award terms first; they may set the floor

These are conventions, not rules. A childcare, healthcare or youth-serving organization carries different exposure from an arts organization with the same budget, and a broker will price accordingly.

What it costs

Less than most boards expect. Insureon reports an average of about $67 per month for nonprofit D&O, though averages hide enormous variation. Price is driven by your services and risk level, board size, number of employees and volunteers, revenue, location, governance structure, the limit and deductible you choose, and your claims history.

Because the premium is modest at the bottom end, the marginal cost of moving from $500,000 to $1 million of coverage is usually small enough that the higher limit is the obvious choice. Ask for the quote both ways and see.

Six questions to ask a broker

The claims-made question matters more than it sounds. A claims-made policy responds to claims made during the policy period, so a lapse in coverage can leave years of past decisions unprotected.

Why boards care about this personally

Directors can be named individually. State volunteer protection statutes and your indemnification bylaws help, but indemnification is only as good as the organization's ability to pay, and an organization facing a serious claim is often the least able to pay. D&O is what makes indemnification real. It is also, in practice, one of the things good board candidates ask about before they say yes.

This is general information, not insurance, legal or financial advice. Coverage terms, availability and pricing vary by state, insurer and organization, and the figures here are illustrative rather than quotes. Talk to a broker who places nonprofit D&O regularly before deciding.

The Ember tool for this

Ember Board Hub

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Common questions

How much D&O insurance does a small nonprofit need?

Most small nonprofits start at $1 million. The common convention is at least one times annual revenue, with $1 million as a practical floor, adjusted upward for employee count, risk of the services delivered, and any minimums imposed by funders, landlords or government contracts.

How much does nonprofit D&O insurance cost?

Insureon reports an average of roughly $67 per month for nonprofit D&O, though pricing varies widely with services, board size, staff and volunteer numbers, revenue, location, limits, deductible and claims history. Because premiums are modest at the low end, moving from $500,000 to $1 million of coverage is often inexpensive.

Does D&O insurance cover employment claims?

Sometimes, and this is the question to ask first. Employment-related claims are the most common D&O claims against small nonprofits, but some policies exclude employment practices liability or sublimit it well below the headline limit.

Do nonprofit board members need D&O insurance personally?

Directors can be named individually in claims. Volunteer protection statutes and indemnification in your bylaws help, but indemnification depends on the organization being able to pay. D&O coverage is what makes indemnification meaningful.

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Sources: Insureon, D&O insurance for nonprofits. Verified August 2026. Coverage and pricing vary by state and insurer; confirm with a broker.